Certified in Public Health (CPH) Practice Exam

What is the observed trend of mortality rates by sex in the United States?

1. Males greater than females

2. Females greater than males

3. Males equal to females

4. Males equal to females in the first years of life

The correct answer is: Males greater than females

The observed trend of mortality rates by sex in the United States indicates that males tend to have higher mortality rates compared to females. This trend is supported by various studies and data analysis that show a consistent pattern over time. The reasons for this difference are multifaceted, including biological, behavioral, and social factors. Males are generally more prone to engage in riskier behaviors, which increases their likelihood of accidental deaths and injuries. Additionally, certain health conditions and diseases that disproportionately affect males contribute to higher overall mortality rates within this demographic. When considering the other options, it becomes clear why they do not align with the established trends. Females experiencing higher mortality would contradict the data currently available, which consistently shows lower mortality rates for females across most age groups. Similarly, the notion of males and females having equal mortality rates fails to acknowledge the significant differences that exist. The idea that males and females are equal in mortality rates during the first years of life is also misleading, as while there may be aspects of health where the rates appear more similar, when looking at cumulative mortality trends, males still exceed females in mortality across broader age ranges. Overall, the trend that males have higher mortality rates than females is well-documented, making it the correct selection for